In a repeat of the final at the 2022 World Games, Sweden went ahead midway through the opening period when Alpo Laitila lost possession in the middle and he was punished by Filip Eriksson.
Then the Swedes doubled their advantage in the second period, courtesy of an accurate shot from long range by Oscar Magnusson-Lindholm.
With periods shortened at the World Games to 15 minutes, down from the usual 20, Finland had less time to galvanise themselves in the final period.
Though Luukas Hyvarinen pulled one back after his side had pulled the goalkeeper, it was too little, too late for Finland, who had to settle for the silver medals for the second World Games in succession.
Czech Republic took the bronze medals after a 7-2 victory over Switzerland.
The final of the women's competition was also decided by fine margins, but this time it was Finland who came out on top, beating Sweden, 3-2.
As in the men's final, it was Sweden who went 2-0 up, thanks to Hanna Nordstrand at the double midway through the second period. But with just 12 seconds of the period to play, Milla Nordlund got Finland back in it.
That goal galvanised the blue and whites, who scored twice in a matter of seconds in the sixth minute of the third through Emilia Pietila and Veera Kauppi, to turn the match around and win gold for the Finns.
Switzerland and the Czechs also contested the women's bronze medal match, but this time the Swiss triumphed, 4-3.