Aberg, already the joint-most successful Swede at the tournament, was out to become the first Scandinavian to don the green jacket.
Following a par on the 16th, he had every chance, sitting at -10, only a shot behind the leaders Rory McIlroy and Justin Rose at the same stage.
At the 17th, the 25-year-old overcooked a putt for birdie, before missing the chance to save par. A bogey for Aberg and a birdie for McIlroy meant his hopes were slipping away, before he suffered a complete calamity at the final hole.
A triple bogey not only ended his hopes, but saw him slip down the leaderboard to seventh, finishing on -6 having posted a final round of 72.
However, Aberg was not punishing himself for the missed birdie putt on the 17th when speaking to TT, "It was an aggressive putt and I can be okay with that, I tried to set it and knew I had to chase."
The Eslov native had begun the competition brightly, posting a first round of 68 to be tied for second place, four under par.
His second round of 73 was his worst of the weekend, before getting right back into contention with a third round of 69, beginning Sunday's final round at six under, tied for fourth.
Five birdies and one bogey in the first 15 holes of the last round had kept him right in the mix before the late drama.
"Right now I'm very disappointed, but it was fun as long as it lasted," he said.
But he would not let that disappointment get to him, reflecting positively on what was still a fantastic performance over the event, "It's a joy to play this course and be here with fantastic weather and great crowds. It's fun to have a top feeling and feel all that comes with it. I look forward to doing it more times."
McIlroy eventually won his first Masters title - completing a career grand slam - by beating Rose in a playoff. Patrick Reed finished third on -9.Lu